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Creators/Authors contains: "Crawford, B"

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  1. Abstract Low‐temperature thermochronometric data can reveal the long‐term evolution of erosion, uplift, and thrusting in fold‐thrust belts. We present results from central Idaho and southwestern Montana, where the close spatial overlap of the Sevier fold‐thrust belt and Laramide style, basement‐involved foreland uplifts signify a complex region with an unresolved, long‐term tectono‐thermal history. Inverse QTQt thermal history modeling of new zircon (U‐Th)/He (ZHe,n = 106), and apatite (U‐Th)/He dates (AHe,n = 43) collected from hanging walls of major thrusts systems along a central Idaho to southwestern Montana transect, and apatite fission track results from 6 basement samples, reveal regional thermal and spatial trends related to Sevier and Laramide orogenesis. Inverse modeling of foreland basement uplift samples suggest Phanerozoic exhumation initiated as early as ∼80 Ma and continued through the early Paleogene. Inverse modeling of interior Idaho fold‐thrust belt ZHe samples documents Early Cretaceous cooling at ∼125 Ma in the Lost River Range (western transect), and a younger cooling episode in the Lemhi Arch region (mid‐transect) at ∼90–80 Ma through the late Paleogene. This cooling in the Lemhi Arch temporally overlaps with cooling in southwestern Montana's basement‐cored uplifts, which we interpret as roughly synchronous exhumation related to contractional tectonics and post‐orogenic collapse. These data and models, integrated with independent timing constraints from foreland basin strata and previously published thermochronometric results, suggests that middle Cretaceous deformation of southwestern Montana's basement‐cored uplifts was low magnitude and preceded tectonism along the classic Arizona‐Wyoming Laramide “corridor.” In contrast, Late Cretaceous and Paleogene thrust‐related exhumation was more significant and largely complete by the Eocene. The basement‐involved deformation was contemporaneous with and younger than along‐strike Sevier belt thrusting in central Idaho. 
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  2. The synergistic combination of solid catalysts and plasma for the synthesis of ammonia has recently attracted considerable scientific interest. Herein, we explore MgTiO3, CaTiO3, SrTiO3, and BaTiO3 perovskites as effective catalysts for the synthesis and decomposition of ammonia via cold plasma. MgTiO3 perovskite, which contains the most electronegative alkaline metal of all the studied perovskites, resulted in the highest ammonia synthesis rate with a value of 12.16 μmol min−1 m−2, which is around 50 times the value of only plasma, 0.24 μmol min−1. The high electronegativity of Mg can be assisting the dissociation of the triple nitrogen covalent bond. This intrinsic property of Mg perovskite added to the homogeneity of the plasma arising from the dielectric constant value of this perovskite might be synergistically responsible for the high ammonia synthesis rate observed. Interestingly, ammonia production over MgTiO3 perovskite is almost double the performance of traditional oxides and some microporous crystals. We also explored the ammonia decomposition reaction due to the possibility of the importance of the reversible reaction owing to the electron collision with the ammonia molecules formed. Ammonia decomposition increased as plasma power increased. This points out the benefit of running at low plasma power and the need to design plasma reactors where the newly formed ammonia molecules can be removed from the reaction system to avoid further electron collision. The highest ammonia decomposition yield was 44.37% at 20 W corresponding to an energy yield of 5.06 g-NH3 kW h−1. 
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